quadratic approximation - ορισμός. Τι είναι το quadratic approximation
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Τι (ποιος) είναι quadratic approximation - ορισμός

APPROXIMATION OF A FUNCTION BY A TRUNCATED POWER SERIES
Taylor's Theorem; Lagrange error bound; Proof of Taylor's theorem; Taylor theorem; Taylor's formula; Taylor approximation; Taylor's inequality; Lagrange form of the remainder; Cauchy's estimate; Taylors theorem; Lagrange remainder theorem; Lagrange remainder; Quadratic approximation
  • 1=''P''<sub>1</sub>(''x'') = 1 + ''x''}} (red) at ''a''&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.
  • 1=''P''<sub>2</sub>(''x'') = 1 + ''x'' + ''x''<sup>2</sup>/2}} (red) at ''a''&nbsp;=&nbsp;0. Note the improvement in the approximation.
  • Approximation of ''e''<sup>''x''</sup> (blue) by its Taylor polynomials ''P<sub>k</sub>'' of order ''k''&nbsp;=&nbsp;1,…,7 centered at ''x''&nbsp;=&nbsp;0 (red).
  • Complex plot of ''f''(''z'')&nbsp;=&nbsp;1/(1&nbsp;+&nbsp;''z''<sup>2</sup>). Modulus is shown by elevation and argument by coloring: cyan=0, blue&nbsp;=&nbsp;{{pi}}/3, violet&nbsp;=&nbsp;2{{pi}}/3, red&nbsp;=&nbsp;{{pi}}, yellow=4{{pi}}/3, green=5{{pi}}/3.
  • Approximation of ''f''(''x'')&nbsp;=&nbsp;1/(1&nbsp;+&nbsp;''x''<sup>2</sup>) (blue) by its Taylor polynomials ''P<sub>k</sub>'' of order ''k''&nbsp;=&nbsp;1,&nbsp;…,&nbsp;16 centered at ''x''&nbsp;=&nbsp;0 (red) and ''x''&nbsp;=&nbsp;1 (green). The approximations do not improve at all outside (−1,&nbsp;1) and (1&nbsp;−&nbsp;√2,&nbsp;1&nbsp;+&nbsp;√2) respectively.
  • The exponential function ''y''&nbsp;=&nbsp;''e''<sup>''x''</sup> (red) and the corresponding Taylor polynomial of degree four (dashed green) around the origin.

Quadratic irrational number         
MATHEMATICAL CONCEPT
Quadratic surd; Quadratic irrationality; Quadratic Irrational Number; Quadratic irrationalities; Quadratic irrational; Quadratic irrational numbers
In mathematics, a quadratic irrational number (also known as a quadratic irrational, a quadratic irrationality or quadratic surd) is an irrational number that is the solution to some quadratic equation with rational coefficients which is irreducible over the rational numbers.Jörn Steuding, Diophantine Analysis, (2005), Chapman & Hall, p.
Quadratic reciprocity         
THEOREM
Law of quadratic reciprocity; Quadratic reciprocity rule; Aureum Theorema; Law of Quadratic Reciprocity; Quadratic reciprocity law; Quadratic reciprocity theorem; Quadratic Reciprocity; Qr theorem
In number theory, the law of quadratic reciprocity is a theorem about modular arithmetic that gives conditions for the solvability of quadratic equations modulo prime numbers. Due to its subtlety, it has many formulations, but the most standard statement is:
Linear–quadratic regulator         
LINEAR OPTIMAL CONTROL TECHNIQUE
Linear-quadratic control; Dynamic Riccati equation; Linear-quadratic regulator; Quadratic quadratic regulator; Quadratic–quadratic regulator; Quadratic-quadratic regulator; Polynomial quadratic regulator; Polynomial–quadratic regulator; Polynomial-quadratic regulator; Linear quadratic regulator
The theory of optimal control is concerned with operating a dynamic system at minimum cost. The case where the system dynamics are described by a set of linear differential equations and the cost is described by a quadratic function is called the LQ problem.

Βικιπαίδεια

Taylor's theorem

In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a k-times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree k, called the kth-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function, the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order k of the Taylor series of the function. The first-order Taylor polynomial is the linear approximation of the function, and the second-order Taylor polynomial is often referred to as the quadratic approximation. There are several versions of Taylor's theorem, some giving explicit estimates of the approximation error of the function by its Taylor polynomial.

Taylor's theorem is named after the mathematician Brook Taylor, who stated a version of it in 1715, although an earlier version of the result was already mentioned in 1671 by James Gregory.

Taylor's theorem is taught in introductory-level calculus courses and is one of the central elementary tools in mathematical analysis. It gives simple arithmetic formulas to accurately compute values of many transcendental functions such as the exponential function and trigonometric functions. It is the starting point of the study of analytic functions, and is fundamental in various areas of mathematics, as well as in numerical analysis and mathematical physics. Taylor's theorem also generalizes to multivariate and vector valued functions.